铁素体晶界结构对管线钢HIC敏感性的影响

摘要：铁素体作为酸性环境用管线钢的主要组织类型之一,探究其晶界结构与管线钢氢致开裂（HIC）敏感性之间关系,可为进一步优化管线钢的抗HIC性能提供指导。对热轧态管线钢进行不同工艺热处理,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察了试样的晶界、位错结构及氢鼓泡、氢致裂纹形貌,用电化学充氢及动态充氢方法对试样的HIC敏感性及氢致塑性损失进行了测试,用电化学氢渗透及氢微印实验对试样的氢捕获效率及氢原子分布进行了观察与分析,探索了铁素体晶界结构与HIC敏感性之间内在关联。其结果表明：当材料中以小角度晶界占主导或大小角度晶界比例约为1∶1时,对氢原子的捕获效率较高,HIC敏感性也相对较大;大小角度晶界均能捕获氢原子,但与氢的作用机制不同,大角度晶界主要促进氢致裂纹萌生,而小角度晶界主要促进氢致裂纹扩展。     

镁处理对海底管线钢氢致开裂敏感性和氢捕获效率影响

摘要：通过NACE TM 0284 2016标准试验和Davanathan Stachurski双电解池氢渗透试验,评估和分析了不同镁添加量X70级别海底管线试验钢的氢致开裂（HIC）敏感性和氢捕获效率。结果表明,镁处理可以细化钢中夹杂物,形成以Ti2O3为主要成分的复合夹杂物。随着镁添加量的增加,试验钢的晶粒依次细化,虽然钢中夹杂物总数增多,但大尺寸夹杂物数量减少。镁处理是通过改变夹杂物数量、成分和尺寸分布从而改善其抗HIC敏感性的。在本试验范围内,镁添加量为0.003%（质量分数）的试验钢抗HIC性能最佳。     

Effects of finish rolling deformation on hydrogen-induced cracking and hydrogen-induced ductility loss of high-vanadium TMCP X80 pipeline steel

An optimum finish rolling deformation (FRD) of thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) is suggested to improve the hydrogen-induced ductility loss of high-vanadium X80 pipeline steel in this study. The results demonstrate that with increasing FRD the microstructure refines, the grain size of the steel decreases and the recrystallization degree deepens. The increase of FRD leads to the reduction of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and the grains oriented with plane {100} parallel to normal direction ({100}//ND) fibres, which plays a significant role in improving the resistance of crack propagation. Besides, the differences of effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient and diffusible hydrogen concentration are negligible among four experimental steels with various FRD. However, the best hydrogen-induced ductility loss resistance is obtained in the steel with 40% FRD containing the most nano-scale precipitates acting as effective hydrogen traps.     

回火温度对DP600钢氢扩散及氢脆敏感性的影响

利用慢应变速率拉伸和双电解池氢渗透试验,结合SEM、TEM、EBSD表征手段研究了不同回火温度下DP600钢中显微组织变化对其氢扩散及氢脆敏感性的影响。结果表明,DP600钢的氢脆敏感性和有效氢扩散系数均随回火温度的升高呈下降趋势,这主要与钢中位错、小角度晶界等可逆氢陷阱浓度降低以及碳化物/基体界面、大角度晶界等不可逆氢陷阱浓度增加有关。其中弥散分布的碳化物使碳化物/基体界面捕获的氢原子分布均匀,导致试验钢的氢脆敏感指数由44.6%(270 ℃)下降至1.8%(350 ℃)。综合考虑回火温度对试验钢强度和氢脆敏感性的影响,DP600钢的最佳回火温度为330 ℃。     

The effects of rolling and sensitization treatments on the stress corrosion cracking of 304L stainless steel in salt-spray environment

U-bent and notched tensile tests in a 80 °C salt-spray environment were conducted to evaluate the effect of cold rolling at room temperature (CR), warm rolling at 150 °C (WR), and a sensitization at 650 °C/10 h (CRS and WRS) on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of the 304L stainless steel. The CR specimen exhibited the highest crack growth rate with a greater number of short cracks found in the CRS specimen in U-bent tests. The CR specimen was resistant to HE in notched tensile tests relative to other specimens. Cracking in these specimens was more likely to initiate at the slip bands.     

Selective hydrogen combustion in the presence of propylene and propane over Pt/A-zeolite catalysts

The behavior of selective hydrogen combustion (SHC) in the presence of propylene and propane changing with reaction temperature in a range of 100–600 °C has been investigated over the Pt catalysts supported on A-zeolites. The effect of Pt loading varying from 0.01 to 2 wt% on the catalytic SHC performance has been studied in the conditions with a feed gas molar composition of C₃H₈/C₃H₆/H₂/O₂ = 4/4/4/2 balanced with N₂ and gas hourly space velocity of 15,000 h⁻¹. The results show that for each Pt/3A catalyst having a different Pt loading there is a maximum of H₂ conversion by combustion appearing between 300 and 400 °C, while the selectivity to comprehensive H₂ conversion can maintain 100% when the temperature lower than 300 °C. Moreover, the Pt/3A catalyst with a Pt loading of 0.5 wt % performs better than the others at the temperatures higher than 300 °C. The maximal H₂ combustion achieved over the 0.5 wt% Pt/3A catalyst is as high as 96.6% along with a selectivity of 100% at 300 °C, and a 92.4% H₂ combustion with 98.5% selectivity can be obtained even if at 500 °C. The characterization of the catalysts reveals that the distribution of Pt atoms and the number of atoms in Pt clusters may be the key factors for giving rise to the good SHC performance. The influence of three types of A-zeolite supports on the Pt catalyzed SHC process has also been investigated. 3A zeolite is superior to 4A and 5A for supporting 0.5 wt% Pt catalyst in terms of both activity and selectivity. The lower C₃H₆ conversion on the 0.5 wt% Pt/3A catalyst compared to the 0.5 wt% Pt/5A may be ascribed to the insufficient sites for the C₃H₆ activation on the surface of Pt/3A due to the limitation of 3A channels inaccessible to C₃H_6. This contrarily brings about the better SHC performance on the 0.5 wt% Pt/3A catalyst.     

Effect of tensile stress on the hydrogen permeation of MS X65 pipeline steel under sulfide films

The effect of the tensile stress on the hydrogen permeation of MS X65 pipeline with sulfide films was investigated through measuring the steady-state hydrogen permeation current (I_∞), permeability (J_∞L) and apparent diffusivity (D_app) and quantitatively analysing the hydrogen-permeable resistance factor (HPRF) of single tensile stress HPRF (stress), single sulfide film HPRF (film) and the two together HPRF (stress-film). The results indicated that J_∞L and sub-surface hydrogen concentration (c_o) greatly increase and that D_app decreases as the elastic stress increases. When applying plastic stress, J_∞L and D_app all reduce, while c_o continues to increase without the film but decreases with the film. While single tensile stress can promote hydrogen permeation, with the sulfide film, the value of HPRE (stress-film) is not a simple addition of the value of the HPRE (stress) and the HPRE (film), and the interaction results in the blocking effect of hydrogen permeation. The surface morphology of the sulfide films changes caused by tensile stress should be responsible for the HPRE (stress-film) reducing as tensile stress increases but increasing with plastic tensile stress.     

Developing bearing steels combining hydrogen resistance and improved hardness

Thermodynamic and kinetic computational modelling are combined to conceive a hydrogen resistant bearing steel. Existing hydrogen resistant steels are not appropriate for bearings due to their low hardness. The proposed microstructure combines a martensitic matrix in which fine cementite precipitates impart strength, and V₄C₃ nano-scaled particles acting as hydrogen traps. It is demonstrated that the conflicting objectives of ultra-hardness and hydrogen resistance can be concealed by: (1) Adding 0.5 wt.% V to 100Cr6, which allows to preserve existing steel production technology. (2) Following a novel heat treatment procedure consisting of austenitisation (and a subsequent temperature spike to dissolve coarse V₄C₃), followed by tempering at 600 °C where V₄C₃ particles form (and a subsequent temperature spike to dissolve coarse cementite), followed by quench and tempering at 215 °C, where fine cementite strengthening particles form. The enhanced trapping capacity of the new steel is demonstrated via thermal desorption; the presence of the desired microstructure after heat treatment is proved via transmission electron microscopy. Concomitant with the trapping ability, a significant hardness increase was observed; this was ascribed to the controlled V₄C₃ precipitation.     

The Mo as electron trapper and donor to modulate the electron of CoP2 in phosphating process

To prepare bifunctional electrocatalyst towards HER and OER is extremely important for promoting the development of electrochemical water splitting technology. Herein, the element doping method is employed to tune the electron environment of cobalt phosphide (CoP). The Mo-doped CoP supported on carbon cloth (CC) is constructed by solvothermal and annealing method. The effect of Mo on the electron modulation of CoP during different phosphating time was studied carefully. It is noted that the Mo play an important role in tuning the electron state of Co and P elements which can trap the electron and was reduced to low valence, then transfer the electron to Co and P. With increasing the phosphating time, the electron transfer phenomenon between Mo and CoP is obvious. Benefiting from the electron engineering of Mo, Co and P as well as thin and wrinkle sheets structure, the optimal electrocatalyst only requires 39 mV and 251 mV to deliver 10 mA cm⁻² for HER and OER, respectively. Also, as for the whole water splitting performance, it delivers 10 mA cm⁻² at cell voltage of 1.56 V. Importantly, Faraday efficiency of the optimal catalyst achieves 99.9% for HER due to the tuned electron state of Co and P, high ECSA and low R_ct.     

X70 MS管线钢焊接接头硫化物应力腐蚀敏感性及氢捕获效率

目的分析探讨氢在X70级抗酸管线钢(X70MS)母材及焊接接头中的氢捕获效率及其对硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)敏感性的影响机理。方法依据NACETM0177标准,采用应力环拉伸试验分别获得X70 MS管线钢母材及焊接接头SSCC的临界应力门槛值(σscc)。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察拉伸断口形貌、氢显试验后表面形貌以及电化学充氢后裂纹区域EBSD观察。利用改进的D-S双电解池氢渗透技术,联用Letry应力腐蚀试验机,测量母材及焊接接头的氢渗透动力学参数。结果 X70 MS管线钢母材和焊接接头发生SSCC的临界应力门槛值σscc分别为362.1 MPa和338.4 MPa,拉伸断口均呈脆性断裂特征。与母材相比,焊接接头的氢渗透通量J∞和表观氢浓度Capp较大,氢有效扩散系数Deff较小,被捕获的晶格氢、可逆氢和不可逆氢浓度均较高。结论 X70MS管线钢焊接接头具有比母材较高的SSCC敏感性,一方面是由于焊接接头中的板条贝氏体组织晶界及其亚晶界均是氢扩散通道及捕获陷阱,具有较高的氢捕获效率;另一方面,焊缝区中有相对较多的易于裂纹穿晶扩展的{101}//ND取向晶粒,在应力和可逆氢的共同作用下,裂纹易穿过这些取向晶粒快速扩展。